AFRP激光-铣削组合加工及其工艺参数优化研究

针对芳纶纤维增强复合材料（AFRP）加工中极易出现抽丝拉毛、烧蚀等问题，提出采用激光-铣削组合加工的工艺方法对AFRP进行试验研究，优化AFRP激光-铣削组合加工工艺参数。试验表明：与铣削加工相比，激光-铣削组合加工的切削温度更低，切削力以及毛刺因子更小，且在加工中切削力波动幅度小，铣削平稳；AFRP激光-铣削组合加工中的最佳激光工艺参数为：激光功率P=20 W，扫描速度v=3 mm/s，脉冲宽度L_f=60 ns，重复频率f=50 kHz；最佳铣削工艺参数为：主轴转速n=2 000 r/min，进给速度v_f=105 mm/min，切削深度a_p=0.5 mm。     

激光加工非金属复合材料的研究与应用进展

非金属复合材料是一种低密度、高强度、高模量的高性能材料，目前已经成为航天卫星上不可或缺的关键结构材料。但与此同时，该类材料也是一种极难加工的各向异性非均质材料，采用传统的接触式方法加工易产生崩边、分层、起毛、撕裂等问题。激光制造技术作为一种开始逐步走向实用化的先进制造技术，具有材料去除能力强、加工精度高、损伤可控等一系列优点，是一种实现非金属复合材料高性能加工、满足现有和未来需求的理想方法。本文围绕航空航天领域应用较为广泛的碳纤维复合材料、芳纶纤维复合材料和陶瓷基复合材料，系统地综述了国内外激光加工非金属复合材料的研究与应用进展。其中技术分支涉及切割、制孔、铣削刻蚀、清洗等实体减材制造技术。最后对非金属复合材料激光加工方法的未来研究重点和工程应用前景进行了总结与展望。     

基于自适应KF动态虚拟陀螺数据融合算法的研究

微机电系统(MEMS)陀螺与光纤陀螺相比，传感器的精度较低。为了提高MEMS陀螺的精度，通过组合多个相同陀螺实现虚拟陀螺的功能，同时提高虚拟陀螺的静态和动态性能。通过分析陀螺的Allan方差，并考虑陀螺之间的相关性，建立陀螺的测量模型;使用自回归(AR)模型建立预测模型，对卡尔曼滤波(KF)算法进行优化;搭建多MEMS陀螺仪硬件平台，获取数据并实时计算，融合多陀螺数据输出最优估计值，使用高精度转台分别在静态和动态条件下测试滤波效果。实验结果表明:静态条件下虚拟陀螺误差的方差可降低为单个陀螺的1/94，动态条件下降低为单个陀螺的1/18。基于自适应KF的虚拟陀螺可以显著提高精度。     

基于IM/DD体制的星间激光通信测距技术

随着当前低轨卫星组网星座计划的日益增加，对卫星间高精度校时、测距需求也越来越迫切。提出基于直调直检IM/DD（Intensity Modulation with Direct Detection）的测距技术的实现方法，使其能同时兼顾测距精度及系统成本。基于IM/DD的测距是利用高精度的秒脉冲到达时间来测量距离。使用IM/DD光通信的数据传输方式，在正常的数据帧传输中插入少量的测距信息，无需中断正常的通信模式，也无需网络时钟频率同步，数据帧的发送周期也无需与秒脉冲保持同步关系，即可使用双向单程测距方法进行测距。使用秒脉冲对本地时钟进行频率测量，对测距过程参数进行修正，只需要采用普通晶体振荡器作为本地时钟源，不需要使用高精度测距通常所需的全网络同步时钟信号或者高稳定度时钟源，便可以达到IM/DD通信码元时间量级的测距准确度和精确度，同时降低了时频同步系统的复杂度、对元器件的要求以及整个通信测距系统的成本，解决了现有技术中测距精度及系统成本不易同时兼顾的问题。     

IABC: An iteratively automatic machine learning boosted hand-eye calibration method for laser displacement sensor

An on-machine measuring (OMM) system with a laser displacement sensor (LDS) is designed for measuring free-form surfaces of hypersonic aircraft’s radomes. To improve the measurement accuracy of the OMM system, a novel Iteratively Automatic machine learning Boosted hand-eye Calibration (IABC) method is proposed. Both the hand-eye relationship and LDS measurement errors can be calibrated in one calibration process without any hardware changes via IABC. Firstly, a new objective function is derived, containing analytical parameters of the hand-eye relationship and LDS errors. Then, a hybrid calibration model composed of two kernels is proposed to solve the objective function. One kernel is the analytical kernel designed for solving analytical parameters. Another kernel is the automatic machine learning (AutoML) kernel designed to model LDS errors. The two kernels are connected with stepwise iterations to find the best calibration results. Compared with traditional methods, hand-eye experiments show that IABC reduces the calibration RMSE by about 50%. Verification experiments show that IABC reduces the measurement deviations by about 25%-50% and RMSEs within 40%. Even when the training data are obviously less than the test data, IABC performs well. Experiments demonstrate that IABC is more accurate than traditional hand-eye methods.     

光纤环非互易相位误差尾纤补偿方法研究CSCD

针对光纤环的热致非互易误差的补偿方法进行研究,并通过仿真分析与实验验证,证明了某种光纤环尾纤长度与光纤环热致非互易误差之间的关系。根据等效介质理论和Mohr理论,建立了光纤环热致非互易相位误差仿真分析模型,并利用该模型计算了不同温度环境条件下,某类型光纤环顺逆时针方向光纤长度发生变化时,陀螺仪输出的全温零位漂移的变化量。仿真及实验结果表明,在1℃/min温变速率条件下,总长约800m的光纤环圈顺逆时针方向光纤长度相差约0.5m时,光纤环全温零位漂移量缩小了0.4(°)/h。研究结果得出了针对此类型的光纤环,当光纤环尾纤每减少0.5m,其热致非互易相位误差减小0.4(°)/h的规律。该项研究成果为后续优化光纤环的全温精度奠定了基础。     

小波阈值去噪法在MEMS陀螺信号处理中的应用

近年来MEMS陀螺发展迅速，应用广泛，但性能参差不齐。为改善MEMS陀螺的输出信号性能，综述了近年来小波阈值去噪法在该领域内的研究进展情况。重点从阈值函数的不同改进形式、阈值选取方式的不同以及分解层数三方面对比分析各小波阈值去噪法之间的优缺点。通过现阶段的去噪效果评判标准，结合MEMS陀螺信号的特点，对近年来小波阈值去噪的应用情况进行分析说明，总结小波阈值去噪法在不同使用条件下对MEMS陀螺信号处理上的优势与不足，为后续相关研究提供一定的参考价值。     

Collaborative optimization design of process parameter and structural topology for laser additive manufacturing

High-resolution laser additive manufacturing (LAM) significantly releases design freedom, promoting the development of topology optimization (TO) and advancing structural design methods. In order to fully take advantage of voxelated forming methods and establish the quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties of printing components and multiple process factors (laser- and process- parameters), the concurrent optimization design method based on LAM should cover the process-performance relationship. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-facilitated TO method for LAM to concurrently design microscale material property and macroscale structural topology of 3D components by adopting heuristic and gradient-based algorithms. The process–structure–property relationship of selective laser sintering is established by the back propagation neural network, and it is integrated into the TO algorithm for providing a systematic design scheme of structural topology and process parameter. Compared with the classical optimization method, numerical examples show that this method is able to improve the mechanical performance of the macrostructure significantly. In addition, the collaborative design method is able to be widely applied for complex functional part design and optimization, as well as case studies on artificial intelligence-facilitated product evaluation.     

MC-LRF based pose measurement system for shipborne aircraft automatic landing

Due to the portability and anti-interference ability, vision-based shipborne aircraft automatic landing systems have attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, a Monocular Camera and Laser Range Finder (MC-LRF)-based pose measurement system is designed for shipborne aircraft automatic landing. First, the system represents the target ship using a set of sparse landmarks, and a two-stage model is adopted to detect landmarks on the target ship. The rough 6D pose is measured by solving a Perspective-n-Point problem. Then, once the rough pose is measured, a region-based pose refinement is used to continuously track the 6D pose in the subsequent image sequences. To address the low accuracy of monocular pose measurement in the depth direction, the designed system adopts a laser range finder to obtain an accurate range value. The measured rough pose is iteratively optimized using the accurate range measurement. Experimental results on synthetic and real images show that the system achieves robust and precise pose measurement of the target ship during automatic landing. The measurement means error is within 0.4° in rotation, and 0.2% in translation, meeting the requirements for automatic fixed-wing aircraft landing.Received 5 July 2022; revised 19 August 2022; accepted 27 September 2022.     

激光毛化对Cf/SiC与TC4钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

由于线胀系数差异大,Cf/Si C复合材料与TC4钛合金钎焊接头容易形成较大的内应力而开裂失效。为了进一步提高接头强度,应用激光毛化工艺在Cf/Si C表面烧蚀出微孔,采用银基钎料对Cf/Si C与TC4进行钎焊。焊后对接头力学性能进行测试,对接头界面及断口显微组织进行观察。结果表明:焊前对Cf/Si C表面进行激光毛化处理,钎料能够填充微孔并形成良好的钎焊界面,能够提高Cf/Si C与TC4钎焊接头的剪切强度。